Fluid-purifying apparatus.



Y. J. NYVALL.

FLUID PURIFYING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-27 1917.

- 1,290,647, Patented Jan. 7; 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l- Y. J. NYVALL.

FLUID PURIFYING APPARATUS, APPLICATION FILED AUG-27. 1917.

1 ,29Q,647. Patented Jan. 7, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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FLUID PURIFYING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-27.1911.

Patented Jan. 7, 1919.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

I YNGVE J. NY V ALL, OF MISSOULA, MONTANA.

FLUID-PURIFYING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 7, 1919.

Application filed August 27, 1917. Serial No. 188,479.

and to subject it to certain treatment for' the purpose of purifying it.Briefly described the apparatus comprises means for circulating thefluid through acourse or passageway with a transparent or permeable wallso'that the fluid may be subjected to the action of'the suns rays,radium rays, ultra-violet, or' actinic light, or other suitableradiations or emanations. It is believed that the apparatus will have avaluable application in the treatment of human blood to purify itoutside of the body, and accordingly the particular form of apparatusherein illustrated is designed more especially for such purpose;although without material alteration of the apparatus it. may be usedequally well for the treatment of other fluids.

An apparatus embodying the principles of the invention as applied moreparticularly to the treatment of the blood is illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a view of the complete apparatus partly in side elevationand partly in vertical section.

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the apparatus.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 33 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an axial section through the lower part of one of the pumpchambers, showing the valves. g

Fig. 5 is an axial section through the hollow needle for withdrawingblood from an artery.

Fig. 6 is a similar view showing the needle for returning the purifiedblood to a vein. 7

As shown in said drawings, the apparatus comprises a pump forwithdrawing and returning the blood to the body and a medium throughwhich the blood is circulated outside of t e body for subjecting it totreatplate to its edge.

passage connects down through an opening ment with actinic -or otherrays for the purpose of purifying it. Accordingly there is prov1ded ahorizontally arranged plate.

10, preferably of heavy glass, in the upper surface of which is made-aspiral groove 11, continuous in length from the center of the plate toits outer edge, and upon'the plate 10 is accurately fitted a coveringplate 14, preferably of quartz. The-two plates are sealed together alongthe continuous ridge between the convolutions of the spiral groove by asuitable substance such as paraflin so that there is thus formed a longspiral passage from the center of the glass The inner end of this 20 inthe center of the glass plate with a lateral passage 21 into a glassblock 22 secured to the under side of the plate 10 by means ofscrews-23, and the outer end of the groove 11 connects through a passage30 in the plate with a glasstube 31 which is joined to the plate bymeans of a Wide flange 32, so that the passageway through this part ofthe apparatus is formed entirely of glass, quartz and paraflin. Belowvthe plate 10 is arranged an incandescent lamp 35 by means of which theplate may be warmed and the under side of the plate is silvered asindicated at 36.

Referring now to the means for introducing the blood or other fluid intothe purifying plate 10 and for circulating it therethrough, there isprovided a pump comprising a cylinder 50 with a piston 51 and piston rod52 connecting with a crank throw 53 on a shaft, 54, by the rotationofwhich latter the apparatus is operated; the cylinder 50 being joinedthrough a tube 60 with a cylindric glass chamber 61. A glass tube 63with an outwardly opening glass ball check valve 6% connects the bottomof this chamber with the passage 21 at the center of the plate 10; andanother tube 68 enters the side wall of the chamber 61 at its lower partthrough a similar inwardly opening check valve 69. The tube 68 isconnected to a hollow needle which is introduced into an artery so thatby the operation of the pump 50 the air in the upper part of the chamber61 is alternately Withdrawn and reintroduced, to cause the blood to besucked through the tube 68'and expelled through the tube 63, thuscirculating it' through the spiral groove 11.

In addition there is provided a pump 80 in all respects similar to thepump 50 and similarly operated from the crank shaft 5 1, but smallerthan the pump 50 and arranged with its crank throw 81 at one hundred andeighty degrees from the crank throw 53 so that the strokes of the twopumps will alternate. The pump cylinder 80 connects through a tube 83with the top of a glass chamber '84, and into the lower part of thischamber is conducted a glass tube 85 which leads to a glass supply tank86. The lower end of the tube 85 opens into the chamber 84 through aninwardly opening glass ball check valve 87, and in the bottom of thechamber is made an' outlet with a similar, outwardly opening check Valve88 and an outlet tube 89.

For the purpose of taking blood from an artery through the operation ofthe pump 50 as above described, the tube 68 is connected to a hollowmetal needle 90, and secured to the side of this needle is a similarneedle 91 which connects to the tube 89. As shown in Fig. 5, the end ofthe tube 91 projects slightly beyond the end of the tube 90, and both ofthem are pointed so that they may be introduced into an artery 92 withtheir open ends directed against the course of the blood stream. In theoperation of the apparatus the tank 86 is filled with a suitablechemical solution to prevent the blood from coagulating, and as thepumps and 80 work alternately the effect is to introduce the chemicalsolution into the artery through the tube 91 ;while the pump 50 is onits suction stroke, and to withdraw the blood and the solutiontogetherthrough the tube 90.

The shank of the needle 90 is fitted into a glass block 95 which is madewith a radial flange and joined by means of screws 96 to a flanged glasstube 97; and the latter in turn is connected with the tube 68 by a shortpiece of rubber tube 98 so as to expose as little area as possible ofmetal and rubber to the blood and permit the parts to be separated forthe purpose of thorough cleaning and sterilizing. The blood is returnedthrough the outlet tube 31 and a needle 100 which is similarly made withits shank joined to anumber of capillary tubes 105 to strain the.

blood before it is returned into the veins and remove coagulations, allof these capillary tubes being removable by the separating of the parts101 and 102 so that theymay be readily cleaned and sterilized.

In .addition there is provided a third pump 110 similar in all respectsto the pump 80 and connected in the same manner through a glass chamber112 with a tank 115 similar to the tank 86; the pump 110 being arrangedon the shaft 51 with its crank shaft in the same angular position asthat of the pump 81. The purpose of the additional pump 110, with itsconnecting chamber 112 and supply tank 115, isto provide means forintroducing another solution into the blood either in addition to thesolution in the tank 86 or in place of the latter, it being readilyapparent that solution may be taken from the tank 115 by a tubeconnecting the outlet tube 120 from the chamber 112 with the tube 68 inthe same manner as above described. There is also provided anincandescent lamp 125 for warming the solution in the tank 115 if thisis desirable.

In the operation of the apparatus, blood is withdrawn from an artery andcirculated through the spiral course in the plate 10, as

above described, while the surface of the plate is exposed to a sourceof actinic light such as a suitable lamp or the suns rays, and isreturned to a vein through the needle 100. In the exposure of the plate10 to the actinic rays the quartz cover plate 11 will protect the glassplate against heat, and the silver coating 36 on the under side of theplate 10 will reflect back the actinic rays and thus increase the effecton the blood in the groove.

I claim as my invention:

In an apparatus for purifying blood, the combination of a withdrawaltube adapted to be inserted into a "cin or artery, an external coursefor the circulation of the blood and its exposure to actinic or otherrays, a pump for withdrawing the blood from the vein or artery andcirculating it through the external course, a source of supply for fluidother than blood, and means for introducing it into the vein or arteryat a point adjacent the end of the withdrawal tube.

In witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 9th day ofAugust, 1917.

YNGVE J. NYVALL.

